The Civil War American Industry - 1177 Words

Capitalists shaped the post-Civil War American industry, and were perceived as either admirable industrial leaders or corrupt robbers of the poor. The capitalists and wealthy manufacturers looked highly of themselves, to create an image of generosity and helping the people. However, the poorer farmers and workers reflected on poverty as a cause of the capitalists and trusts keeping all the wealth, and manipulating the industry for personal gain. As mechanization allowed the wealthy men like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J P Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt to become richer and dominate over the large population of America. Their domination over the working class became domination over the economy of the entire country, and†¦show more content†¦By gaining profit while selling product, the oil company boosted the economy tremendously. Another large business consisted of both Andrew Carnegie and J P Morgan with the innovation of railroads. The Bessemer process for makin g steel and the abundance of coal fueled the railroad industry, with Andrew Carnegie producing most of the steel in the country. J P Morgan contributed with the steel tubing industry, and bought Carnegie’s business, creating the United States Steel Corporation becoming one of the first billion-dollar corporations. Cornelius Vanderbilt was one of the most successful in the railroad industry with the old New York Central railroad, offering railway service at low rates, and founding Vanderbilt University. The railroads stretching into the South and gaining resources from the South made the â€Å"New Industrial South†¦ wide awake to business, excited and even astonished at the development of its own immense resources† (Doc B). Along with â€Å"communication, rapidly opening mines†¦ furnaces, foundries†¦ utilizing the native riches† (Doc B), the South had much more connection through railroads, and began to be regarded similarly to the North in indust ry. The wealthy capitalists, leading the industrial growth becomes â€Å"the mere agent and trustee for his brethren, bring to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer, doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves† (Doc C). The top capitalists of the

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay - 1768 Words

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Although William Shakespeare wrote the story of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in the 1500s, the themes depicted in the play had been around for centuries. It was a classic tragic love story. William Shakespeare needed his story to appeal and be accessible to as many people as possible. The main problem was that many people at the time could not read, therefore producing a book was pointless. So he decided to write the story of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ as a play that people could go and see at the theatre. The play was very successful and was shown at important theatres such as the Globe in London. Thousands saw it. In 1996 the film producer Baz Luhrman decided to make†¦show more content†¦Luhrman knew that his film would probably attract good publicity because it was the remaking of one of the most successful Shakespeare plays. Critics and cinema audiences would be curious to see how the play was portrayed on the movie screen. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is probably the most studied Shakespeare play at school and so most people would be familiar with the story line. Although both versions of Romeo and Juliet use language from the 16th century, the settings are very different. This is evident straight away in the film, as Baz Luhrman chooses to use a news reporter instead of a narrator. Also, whereas Shakespeare sets the scene by the narrator describing in detail the males in the two families, Luhrman shows this in a way a modern audience may find easier to understand, through their clothes. The Montague boys are betrayed in a comical way. They are wearing shorts and Hawaiian shirts and appear not to be very serious about anything. They don’t give the impression of being tough. The audience is introduced to the Capulet boys who are in complete contrast, being smart and well dressed. Their body language is a lot more intimidating. There is a scene that illustrates the culture of the time when it was considered cowardly not to want to get involved in fighting. The Montagues don’t want to show their fear and so end upShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1869 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love is depicted in several ways. Both Luhrman and Shakespeare represent love in different ways in different contexts to both the Elizabethan era and the contemporary audience. Both the original and later manifestations of the text are valued because they both communicate to the audience on the values of love and society by employing a variety of devices. The central subject dealt within Romeo and Juliet is the subject of love.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet558 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of two young lovers whose lives are cut short due to the rivalry of their families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The family feud has been present for decades but once Romeo and Juliet meet they are instantaneously in love. Love at first sight some would say. But could love at first sight really be the case? No it could not. There are many things that serve to prove Romeo and Juliet were not in love. At the beginning of the play Romeo isRead MoreGender In Romeo, Juliet And William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1500 Words   |  6 Pagesof masculinity; the ability to act boldly and with purpose. Both directors draw upon the themes of gender to tell their stories subtly and effectively. The theme of gender is significant in both films being contrasted in this essay; William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet (Luhrmann Martinelli, 1996) and Hamlet (Davey, Lovell Zeferelli 1990). The two films were released six years apart in the decade of the nineties; Zeffirelli does not seek to embody an evolved gender presentation at all, while LuhrmannRead MoreSympathy for Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet693 Words   |  3 PagesSympathy for Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595 and it is still popular today. Its full title is The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. It is a romantic tragedy set in Verona, about two lovers, whose families are at war with each other. I am concentrating on Act III scene V, but I will summarise the story up to this scene. So far, two lovers Romeo and Juliet agree to be marriedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay809 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a play based mainly around the theme of love. This theme is good for building a play around because if there is love then you can have hate to contrast it, and many other emotions can be brought in. Love also makes the story interesting to an audience of Shakespeares time; also to audiences of more modern timesRead More Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1449 Words   |  6 Pages Taking Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, the star crossed lovers, the perfect sadly losing there lives for their great love of each other. The tragic death has many characters to blame, but it is impossible to pinpoint the full responsibility on one individual character. Many of the characters in Romeo and Juliet blame each other, for example, the Prince blames the two families and feud forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Shakespeares most famous tragedy is probably the tale of Romeo and Juliet. The immortal tale of two star-crossd lovers destined to an early demise, originated in Italian folklore. Shakespeares prologue is possibly the most insightful piece of the play regarding their death and the explanation of it. The ancient grudge immediately sets the ominous tone of the play. This allows the audience to understand that their deathRead More William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Although the story of Romeo and Juliet is over 500 years old, it is as relevant and appealing today as it was when first performed. Although dated, the story of Romeo and Juliet still holds great appeal and relevance to today’s society, despite the differences in morals and values between William Shakespeare’s audience 500 years ago, and Baz Luhrmann’s audience today. The arising issues of order and authority, fate and love entertain/ed and appeals/edRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Act One Scene Five is such an important scene because its the first time that the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet meet. When they see each other for the first time, they fall in love straight away and is the start of the main point of the play. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he makes two comments about how pretty she is O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! and I neer saw true beauty till this night, and heRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a romantic tragedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595, which is over 400 years ago. Romeo and Juliet are â€Å"two star-crossed lovers†, who fell in love at first sight and struggle through circumstances, which ends with their death. There are some characters that are to blame for their deaths and some more than others. The Montagues are someway to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because

Communication And Critical Thinking Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication And Critical Thinking. Answer: Introduction Critical Thinking is the ability of various user to analyze the thinking nature, provide evidence of the ideas. It is a multi step process which can be defined as fast process where an individual can observe , analyze and present their new ideas and add it all into present understanding (Jackson Chapman, 2012). It can be applied in a large number of regions such as reading, written work and discussions. It is a real life model on which people can build more efficient problem solving skills which will ultimately valuable for the organization. It will ultimately improve interpreting skills and problem solving skills (Jackson Chapman, 2012). The ultimate goal is to follow various logical steps and conclude at a particular decision. The important points for decision-making are approach, save time, better communication, decision making and reason(Alsagoff et al., 2012) Approach: With this critical thinking method one can develop awareness about various new techniques of approaching a problem. It minimizes the use of standard problem solving technique(Alsagoff et al., 2012) Save time: Critical analysis help in saving time. It is relevant to know that all the information helps in decision making, on the contrary one can differentiate between relevant and irrelevant ones. Critical analysis helps in setting priority of time and resources by analyzing essentiality of various process (Jackson Chapman, 2012). Improving Communication: It teaches people how to analyze and build evidence for any source. It ultimately aims to produce effective communicator (Jackson Chapman, 2012). Decision making : It mainly works with critical thinking to make it more easier for anyone. A person generally works with more analytics and leaves behind intuition and guesswork (Alsagoff et al., 2012) Reason: It will help to become a more reasoned and appropriate problem solver. One can run two types of reasoning that is inductive and deductive. The usage of the inductive and deductive type depends on its usage. Prioritizing decision in various reasons and logic over emotion or guesswork will ultimately led to effective problem solving (Arends, 2014). Critical Thinking Critical thinking is nothing but a series of multistep process. It is defined as a fast process where people can observe , judge and present new ideas and sum it to current understanding. It can be applied in a variety of platform ranging from reading to discussion (Halpern, 2014). It is not considered as a negative process in spite of the fact that it has critical thinking has many criticism. It is more useful to link critical thinking with various standards and criteria. It can be considered more than a problem which can be used to build successful more efficiently decision making techniques which will ultimately bring benefit to the organization. It is focuses the application of logic for better and reasoned decision making. Many times critical thinking is misjudged as criticism (Kim et al., 2013). It mainly follows a sequential logical step and arrive at a appropriate conclusion. It also involves the evaluation of various sources like data, facts, observed behaviors and research finding. Good thinkers can draw conclusion from a set of data containing information for making a solution of a problem and decision making (Kim et al. ,2013). Some examples of critical thinking are, a plumber who uses critical thinking techniques to judge which material is appropriate for a particular job, similarly a job seekers uses his critical thinking to judge vacancies in various firms and then he decides the suitable organization for his application (Halpern, 2014). Critical thinking is mainly considered as a process of putting questions to data containing important information (Liu, Frankel Roohr, 2014). For example when a student reads the information in a textbook then he can put questions like what a leader or a professor or his classmate says about a particular topic. The word logic is derived from Greek word logike, which means art of reasoning (Halpern, 2014). By using a logic a person can judge what is good or bad for him. It also helps in the distinction of good or bad reasoning, truth and falsehood. By the help of logic one can evaluate new thinkings and to make good decisions (Arends, 2014). List of Critical thinking Analysis: It refers to the ability of judging something and then one can understand its meaning and its representations(Armstrong et al., 2015). Clarification: It not only the ability to summarize information and to state in such a way that it is easily understandable to people (Arends, 2014). Evaluation: These skills are mainly related to accessing or judging the period of an idea (Fairclough, 2014). Explanation: Explanation can be considered similar to clarification and it mainly focuses on the ability to clearly reveal information and even include ones perspective to that particular data containing vital information (Armstrong et al., 2015). Inference: This mainly focuses on the ability bring out conclusion from the information that is provided to the people. Interpretation: It mainly focuses on the understanding of required information. It also infers to communicate the meaning of a information that is clearly understandable by various audiences (Liu, Frankel Roohr, 2014). Judgment: Similar to evaluation, judgment can be considered as an idea or piece of important information (Fairclough, 2014). Objectivity: It mainly focuses on evaluating an idea without biasing it further. Problem Solving: It is an another important technique or skill that can be considered for judging or analyzing of problem, generating a particular solution, its implementation and after that accessing it ( Fairclough, 2014). Reasoning: It refers thinking of a problem or question logically. Importance of teaching critical thinking Critical thinking can be consider as an important skill for fresh graduate to check its necessity in workplace. During their research or study, students should use critical thinking for development of their knowledge. It is also vital for students while making decisions from variety of given choices while choosing activities for development of skill and techniques (Dwyer, Hogan Stewart, 2014). It enables students to take decision to make an output for knowledge, developing techniques which is used by learner and gradually decreases their dependency on other various University. When this type of critical thinking is integrated with current knowledge then it can led to the formation of new ideas and knowledge (Armstrong et al., 2015). Critical thinking plays a key role in the life of other graduate techniques or outcomes of learning such as solving of problem, making of important decision and communication (Dwyer, Hogan Stewart, 2014). Critical thinking should not be misunderstanding with problem solving. Critical thinking is generally considered as an important component of problem solving. Teaching Critical Thinking Critical thinking can be easily taught to people. Teaching of critical thinking mainly involves breaking down of processes. Each step must be explained and practiced which will ultimately benefit the students (Dwyer, Hogan Stewart, 2014). The academic plays a key role as a facilitator to provide students to develop an understanding of critical thinking (McPeck, 2016). Then they must allow students a particular span of time for its practice and to receive feedback from it (Moore, 2013). Technical critical thinking mainly comprises of two parts, firstly providing students a critical thinking process and secondly providing an opportunity to various students for the application of this process. During set up of student task the following points of critical thinking should be considered like it should be enough small to stop its effects on the student, should be non-aggressive like it should not include topics where students are uncomfortable in expressing their point of view (Liu, Frankel Rohr, 2014). Time is generally considered to as an important factor of critical thinking. It generally depends on time for its well understanding (McPeck, 2016). Various students also depend on time for development of the important skills for critical thinking (Moore, 2013). The important steps of critical thinking are reflect, Question, Contextualize, evaluate, analyze and observe (Borglin Fagerstrm, 2012). Tools Required For Technical Critical Thinking Critical thinking is considered to be a fundamental factor for working scholarly. Various universities around the globe is responsible for teaching theses skills in form of some degree through some academics (Wallace Wray, 2016). Nowadays various universities have units that provide support to students in development of critical thinking techniques ( Wild Han, 2014). With the help of critical thinking process various students provide a clear idea which can help in the assistance of their analysis (Terry, 2012). There are certain factors that are included in critical thinking are analyzing of a problem with the help of written essay within a organization, learning of various problem, various case studies, various simulation, integrated learning of work through placement and practices. For example critical thinking in the field of health can be considered treating the various patients with proper medicine. The student must be familiar with the various working policies and ethics rela ted to it (Borglin Fagerstrm, 2012). Critical Thinking and Academic Writing Students have developed critical thinking techniques they just need to put these things in their readings and draw a conclusion from their course. Critical thinking is very helpful to students as it changes the way of reading from passive form to active form (Moore, 2013). Various universities round the globe also provides a large amount of resource for promoting of critical teaching technology in their journals of academic and newspaper article (Price Harrington, 2015). It also aims to provide students with variety of texts that aims to encourage direct learning in that point. It also aims to provide an opportunity for recognizing critical thinking in many domains (Borglin Fagerstrm, 2012). Critical Thinking and Academic Writing Students are capable of analyzing that what they have read they should start forming various formula which is considered as an important part of their written argument. It ultimately aims to provide critical thinking for their academic and assignment writing Yang Wu, 2012). Various universities round the globe has a list of question that the students can utilize while applying critical thinking techniques to their academic writings. It can help in framing the structure of question to promote critical thinking required for skill development (Cederblom, 2012). Assessing Critical Thinking During assessing of critical thinking various academic must return to the point that it needs certain. For ensuring robustness in the performance critical thinking must be taught to various students. There are certain step involved in critical thinking that are observing, Analyzing, Evaluating, Questioning, Contextualization and Reflection. Observe stage mainly involves in gathering of a number of resources or using resources from a variety of sources. Analyzing stage mainly consist of identifying all the important themes. Evaluation stage mainly focuses on identification of arguments that are needed for an opinion (Nosich, 2012). Questing stage mainly involves putting all the required question on the given topic. Contextualization phase mainly involves analysis and evaluation of the given context. Reflect phase mainly consist of various question that are posted. Both of the holistic and analytic rubrics are easily accessible for critical thinking. Analytic rubrics is generally considered as an important parameter for enabling a process which can mark an easy access to various parameters of critical thinking (Nosich, 2012). Various universities round the globe use a list of critical thinking rubrics. Rubrics can be used in various domains of critical like self assessment of critical thinking rubric and holistic critical thinking rubric. Critical thinking is generally considered in setting priority of outcome to higher education (Nosich, 2012). Critical thinking is considered to be important factor for free thinking and solving of problem in a better way in both lives that is professional and personal. Critical thinking can be considered as an important factor for examination of issue by breaking a problem into pieces and its evaluation in a proper way (Cederblom, 2012). Putting question with the answers to get a clear idea about the world around it focuses it to critical thinking. In various enquiry based instruction various teacher put questions where student can draw idea and conclusion about a topic. Critical thinking in writing can be considered as a new technique. Writing critical thinking converts a student from passive learner to active learner. With the help of writing technique student can use it to critically analyze various ingredient of critical thinking (Clifford, 2013). Employers from various organization look for fresh college pass out who have sharp and good critical thinking techniques that must be applied to various vocational based region. With the help of careful planning of task and activities, academics provide a important platform which is used for the development of critical thinking techniques in various students With the help of act of writing student can put their focus and thoughts before putting all their thoughts in the ir paper. As soon as the students are capable of analyzing that they have read they should start forming various formula which is considered as an important part of their written argument. Writing techniques gives a range of benefits to students. Opportunities for a group of people include decision, case studies, task relate work , reviews and various debate relate to it (Price Harrington, 2015). Students are generally exposed to different region for clarification of their ideas. Student response from various activities need thinking of new critical goals which are consider as an important parameter for students (Parkay, Anctil Hass, 2014). It is vital to put a clear idea for evaluation of critical thinking. Critical thinking helps in putting student and teacher towards a common target. It helps in evaluation of various skills and techniques used by various students and teacher from various industries. It helps in setting up of evidence, statements, graphics and question and also help in asking different questions, draw a conclusion from it , it also helps in explanation of assumption and various reasons. It is also important to note that it is an very important tool required for any course (Cederblom, 2012). It is very useful by students in any course of action so it can check the required criteria for it. It also helps in distribution of assignments that give freedom to st udents to receive guidance from various universities round the globe (Price Harrington, 2015).. This will ultimately improve the quality of work and it will ultimately improve the quality of their new idea and writing (Clifford, 2013). Conclusion Critical thinking can be used for addition of various activity of the scholar. It contains many skills that can be used for development of skills through time and experience. Students from various universities must be taken in account in many ways to facilate development of leaning outcomes. Employers from various organization look for fresh college pass out who have sharp and remarkable critical thinking techniques and skills which must be applied to various vocational based activities. Careful planning of task and activities in academics aims to provide a wonderful platform that can be used in the updating the critical thinking techniques of various students. Students can develop it further as a part of professional activities and learning of various lifelong techniques (Clifford, 2013). References Alsagoff, L., McKay, S. L., Hu, G., Renandya, W. A. (Eds.). (2012).Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language. Routledge. Arends, R. (2014).Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Borglin, G., Fagerstrm, C. (2012). Nursing students' understanding of critical thinking and appraisal and academic writing: A descriptive, qualitative study.Nurse Education in Practice,12(6), 356-360. Cederblom, J. B. (2012). Critical reasoning: Understanding and criticizing arguments and theories. Clifford, J. (2013).Returns. Harvard University Press. Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century.Thinking Skills and Creativity,12, 43-52. Fairclough, N. (2014).Critical language awareness. Routledge. Halpern, D. F. (2014).Critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of thought knowledge. Routledge. Jackson, D., Chapman, E. (2012). Non-technical skill gaps in Australian business graduates.Education+ Training,54(2/3), 95-113. Kim, K., Sharma, P., Land, S. M., Furlong, K. P. (2013). Effects of active learning on enhancing student critical thinking in an undergraduate general science course.Innovative Higher Education,38(3), 223-235. Liu, O. L., Frankel, L., Roohr, K. C. (2014). Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current State and Directions for Next?Generation Assessment.ETS Research Report Series,2014(1), 1-23. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept.Studies in Higher Education,38(4), 506-522. Nosich, G. M. (2012). Learning to think things through: A guide to critical thinking across the curriculum. Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. Price, B., Harrington, A. (2015).Critical thinking and writing for nursing students. Learning Matters. Terry, D. R. (2012). Assessing critical-thinking skills using articles from the popular press.Journal of College Science Teaching,42(1), 66. Wallace, M., Wray, A. (2016).Critical reading and writing for postgraduates. Sage. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Yang, Y. T. C., Wu, W. C. I. (2012). Digital storytelling for enhancing student academic achievement, critical thinking, and learning motivation: A year-long experimental study.Computers Education,59(2), 339-352.

Organizational Development Concepts Theories

Introduction One company that can be said to have changed the automobile industry is Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). Since its establishment in the year 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation has evolved to become one of the best car selling companies in the world. At the same time, Toyota is estimated to provide employment opportunities to about 317,000 people at the moment, working as dedicated employees of the company.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Organizational Development Concepts Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Major activities of Toyota Company started after the Second World War, when the company started to design and manufacture automobiles in large number. The history of Toyota Company is associated with Kiichiro Toyoda who was an excellent inventor and established Toyoda Automatic Loom Company that largely relied on his prolific designs (Toyoland, n.d). As part to generate more capital resour ces, the company Kiichiro Toyoda licensed part of the designs to the British and the generated money was used to establish Toyota Motor Company, an idea that received government’s support due to its military applications (Toyoland, n.d). Before the establishment of the company, Japanese armies relied on imported trucks, and as a result of depression that affected the world and the country at the same time, resources to import trucks became scarce (Toyoland, n.d). As a result, domestic production was seen as an avenue to reduce costs, create employment opportunities, and empower the country to be self-reliance (Toyoland, n.d). Some of the automobile designs by Toyota Motor Corporation in the history include: Model A1 and G1 models, model AA, sedans, phaetons or model AB, Toyota model, GB truck, G1 truck, Toyopet or the model SA, SD models, RH model, Landcruiser, Crown, Corona, Avalon, Camry, and Lexus (Toyoland, n.d). Toyota at the same time throughout history has been able to establish plants in other regions of the world specifically in Latin America and USA. Today, Toyota Motors has evolved as the global largest designer and â€Å"manufacturer of automobiles, both in unit sales and net sales† (Toyoland, n.d). For instance in USA alone Toyota has succeeded in eclipsing Honda and sustained fierce competition to GM and Ford motors (Toyoland, n.d). Further, in 2002, Toyota Motors incorporated 2010 Global vision, which according to the company is a vision aimed at achieving mobility needs in away that considers and respects environment and the people (Toyoland, n.d). Major themes in this Global vision include â€Å"Toward a recycle-oriented society, toward the age of IT and ubiquitous networks, toward a mature society, and toward motorization on a global scale† (Toyoland, n.d, p.1).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Toyota’s Organizational Structure and strategy Richard D. Daft, writing in the book titled ‘Organizational Theory and Design’ observes that in defining what organizational structure is, it is important to put into consideration three important aspects: organization structure constitute formal reporting relationships that include number of levels in the hierarchy and span of control of managers and supervisors (Daft, 2009). Second, organizational structure establishes the grouping together of individuals into departments and of departments into total organization. Lastly, organizational structure constitutes the design of systems to ensure effective communication, coordination, and integration of efforts across departments (Daft, 2009). According to the author, these three elements involve both the vertical and horizontal aspects of organizing, with each representing a structure that is more appropriate in certain specific organizational orientation. Accordingly, an ideal struct ure should be in a position to encourage employees to provide horizontal information and coordination where and when it is needed (Daft, 2009). From 2003, Toyota Motors was seen to be causing ripples in the automobile industry as it undertook initiatives at high speed catching up with the industry’s perennial leaders and dominant players like GM, Ford, and Chrysler (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Many people viewed this as a risk strategy, which upon failure would have severe negative impacts on Toyota Motors. However, on gradual note, the strategy has been working out as some instances of literature postulate that Toyota Motors has been able to outperform one or two of these companies (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). As the strategy appeared successful, Toyota put in place strategies to re-invent itself and one of the re-invention strategies was to introduce new designs. One of the changes that has characterized Toyota introduced by the management include introduction of a number of new designs such as introduction of Prius hybrid model in 2004 (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). When the success of this model was realized, Toyota was motivated to introduce another hybrid luxury sport-utility vehicle known as the RX 400h and today the company offers these two designs in the world’s market estimated to be about 50 per cent (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Accompanying Toyota’s introduction of new designs in the marketing is the company’s well-established and known reputation that, on wider global scale characterizes the company as one of the world’s leading corporation to be involved in massive cost cutting. The company has continuously invented and improved guided by the kaizen (continuous improvement) philosophy. Kaizen has further been strengthened by the company’s kanban (just-in-time inventory) systems (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Organizational Development Concepts Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The understanding of these two concepts is that the company’s managers should continuously search for diligent ways of reducing expenses. At the same time, Toyota has engaged in making numerous low-tech changes that are aimed at bringing about cost savings while at the same time, be able to improve speed and quality (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Toyota’s urge and need for change is not only anchored in its favor for designs, processes and technology but also the company has undertaken broad initiatives to update and ‘repackage’ its organizational structure by replacing some of its top managers (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). At the same time, the company is integrating some of its far-flung divisions such as the business unit. With the coming of Watanabe as the new CEO after retire of Fujio Cho in 2005; change at Toyota has become an inevitable aspect as the new CEO pa ys attention to the aspects of cost cutting and quality control measures (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Watanabe has characteristically embarked on shuffling organization’s managers as part of his wider aim of having new and fresh blood in the top management of the company. To make these changes more meaningful and genuine, the Company’s leadership is at the time involved in updating the organization’s culture. For a long time, Toyota Motors has been accused and viewed by many to be too conservative especially in its design, too focused on the Japanese market, as well as too timid and slow in adopting revolutionary innovations (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). As a show of changes taking place at Toyota, Maryanne Keller, an auto industry consultant noted that Toyota’s CEO was more focused and determined t pushing for more reforms, more openness, more alliances, more speed, and more risk taking (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Today these changes continue to bore fruits since from 2007 although the world witnessed financial turmoil in terms of recession profits margins at Toyota increased by 4,7 per cent. Further, the company has invested about $16 billion in cash to enhance its research and development together with growth and as today it stands, re-invention constitute and define Toyota’s winning strategy (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). Organization change process Today, organization change is seen to be inevitable feature especially given the competitive environment that businesses are being subjected to (Harigopal, 2006). Change in general manifest itself in two forms: intended change and unintended change. Intended also known as planned change usually takes place with aim of bringing about systematic change in an organization in order to increase or improver organization’s effectiveness (Harigopal, 2006).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Numerous models exist today that explain how change process can be undertaken and such models include â€Å"Lewin’s model of change, the planning model, the action research model, and the integrative planning model† (Harigopal, 2006). With regard to objectives of this research, attention will be paid to two major models: Lewin change model and integrative planning model. Lewin change model postulates that change constitutes processes of modifying the forces that tend to keep a system’ behavior stable and that change can be planned by modifying the existing state through either increasing the forces pushing for change or reducing the forces that maintain the current state or even in some instances apply a combination of both (Harigopal, 2006). Further, this model postulates that there are different levels at which change can occur in an organization. These levels of change are individual, with aim of changing individuals’ behavior, values, skills, and beha vior (Harigopal, 2006). In addition, there is structural and systems change, where the aim is to change or modify work design, reporting relationships, and information systems and even reward systems (Harigopal, 2006). Third level of change can take place at the organizational level where realization of change may be manifested in change of leadership styles, interpersonal relations, decision-making, and other aspects at this level (Harigopal, 2006). On the hand, integrative model of planned change postulate that an organization exists in different states at different times and that planned change can occur from one state to another (Harigopal, 2006). Integrative model of planned consists four phases that include exploration phase, in which the organization makes a decision on whether to plan for specific changes and allocate resources for that particular change. Next phase is the planning phase in which planning for change starts and usually comes about as a result of particular pr oblem facing the organization. After diagnosis of the particular problem to be modified, planning process sets in. Third phase is the action phase where changes derived from planning are implemented at this stage. It is within this phase that the organization aims to transform from its current state to the desired future state. Last phase is the integration phase in which changes are incorporated as part of regular organizational functioning after undergoing successful implementation. The new change behavior in the organization become reinforced through feedback, incentives, and reward system (Harigopal, 2006). Organizational changes at Toyota Motors In 2009, Toyota Motor Corporation announced major change initiatives as part of its organizational change (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). The organization change undertaken by the company rested on the theme of â€Å"reinforcing necessary functions and implementing that contribute to more efficient organizational operations to bette r respond to priority issues of each individual field and group† (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009, p.1). Types of changes that the company anticipated to pursue included the following: Business Development Group The change to be introduced was to see the business development division being merged with marine business division; the two form a new division known as Business Development Division the Marine Unit Business Division (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). The aim of this initiative was to see the use of resources between the two divisions carried out more â€Å"effectively and increase the efficiency of the unit business† (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). Purchasing Group The company’s purchasing planning department, the global purchasing promotion division and the parts of purchasing division were to be integrated and re-organized into the new created Purchasing Administration Department together with Purchasing Planning Division (Toyota Motors Corporation , 2009). The purpose of this initiative was to ensure consolidation and centralization of purchasing issues and needs into the new Purchasing Administration Department in order to improve and strengthen the global strategies and project management (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). Japan Sales Operations Group The initiative to be implemented in the company was to see elimination of the Japan Advertisement and Marketing Division where the functions performed by this division were to be transferred to the new Toyota Marketing Japan Company Limited (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). The aim of this strategy was to see much emphasis and focus is directed towards activities that target Japan Market while art the same time be able to reinforce the identified and specific activities (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). Middle East, Africa, and Latin America Operations Group Accordingly, the company intended to create a new division, with the purpose of this initiative centering on â€Å"co nsolidating the product planning, profit management, affiliate management and business planning functions of the Middle East, Africa and Latin America Operations Group in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean Planning Division in order to increase momentum and efficiency of operations† (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009, p.1). Customer Service Operations Group Change here was to involve the Service Parts Administration Division where this unit as to be transferred to the new established Customer Service Operations Group. The major purpose of this initiative was to ensure there is closer achievement and â€Å"collaboration with parts and accessories divisions in Japan and overseas (in the service-parts segment) to achieve more timely supply and establish quality assurance standards† (Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). How success Toyota will be able to realize these changes? First, it must be realized that Toyota Motors has pursued strategies of lean manufact uring system where the company’s production system in built on the principle of ‘just-in-time’ production (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). The essence of this principle is that raw materials and other supplies are exactly delivered to the plant when production is to take place and this has avoided tendencies to waste resources. At the same time, emphasis has been put on the importance of efficiency on the part of the employees specifically those located on the front lines (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). Assembly workers have been empowered in decision-making processes to take appropriate action when production line experiences a problem. Toyota Company has also been able to enact its change programmes by receiving help from its human resource strategies, culture and structure (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). For the human resource, Toyota has employee programs and initiatives that are see employment opportunity more permanent and stable, there is also â€Å"high investment in train ing and development, and internal promotions, all promoting a sense of employee ownership of the process† (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). With regard to culture, Toyota company has put more emphasis on the learning and modesty specifically by incorporating past successes in the company that isolate them from other competitors (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). For example, the company requires and support employees to be experts in everything they do and as a result, the issue of specialization has been encouraged in the organization. From these aspects, Toyota Motors has evolved and established a effective structure that fosters internal communication. Further, meetings in the company are frequent being held after â€Å"every two days to coordinate the relations between chief engineers and functional managers† (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). â€Å" Other key aspects in the organization that facilitate effective functioning in the organization include effective communication channels such as presence of module development teams tasked with the role of harmonizing organizational operations and processes. These aspects have characteristically made Toyota Motors appear unique among auto companies since it is able to remain traditional and bureaucratic while at the same time striving to be agile and innovative (Bauer and Erdogan, n.d). The culture of the company focuses and emphasizes continuous and constant learning and improvement with employees being given opportunity to analyze gaps in the expected performance and therefore be able to change. Conclusion Organizational structure is the key aspects to the success or failure of change in an organization. To fit into the challenges of dynamism in the environment organizations will be forced to undergo change if they aspire to remain competitive. Although there are two types of change – planned and unplanned – it is the planned one, which has the capacity to bring meaningful change to the organization. What is important is for the various organizations anticipating or planning for change to carry out the process more diligently. There is need to carry out environmental scanning before appropriating the necessary change needs and strategies. Key and formidable internal structures should be able to support the change process and such can result due to presence of change-oriented management. When it appears, the management is not ready for change or re-organization then it becomes necessary for such management team to be substituted with more change-oriented management. All in all change process is seen to be a tedious process that sometimes will results into failure but this should be an excuse not to undertake change. All organizations should be prepared to embrace and employees of the company or organization should be involved and even incorporated into change decisions for the whole process to succeed. References Bauer, T. and Erdogan, B. (N.d). Organizational Behavior. Retrieved from https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/catalog/editions/bauer_3-organizational-behavior-3-0 Daft, R. L. (2009). Organization Theory and Design. OH: Cengage Learning. Griffin, R. W. and Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. OH: Cengage Learning. Harigopal, K. (2006). Management of organizational change: leveraging transformation. NY: SAGE. Toyoland. (N.d). Toyota history: corporate and automotive. Retrieved from https://www.toyoland.com/history.html Toyota Motors Corporation. 2009. Toyota Announces Organizational Changes. Retrieved from http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/12/1222_2.html This term paper on Organizational Development Concepts Theories was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

After The Bomb - Book Summary Essays - House Of Battenberg

After The Bomb - Book Summary Essays - House Of Battenberg After the Bomb - Book Summary After the Bomb written by Gloria Miklowitz is a thrilling novel that takes place before, during, and after a bomb which supposedly was sent from Russia by accident. L.A. and surrounding cities are all altered by the disastrous happening. Philip Singer a teenager is in a position as leader of the family. His brother Matt is awfully sick, possibly from radiation, his father was away at work during the blast and for all Philip knows he might be dead, and his mother was desperately injured and needs immediate attention. Hospitals are flooded with injured and dying people and the government doesn't send help for a few days. The badly injured don't even get the chance to be helped because the hospitals have to send the ones that are likely going to live to hospitals that specialize in burns. His mother is so badly burned that the hospitals put her on the bottom of the list to be flown to burn centers. By the end of the novel Philip has taken charge, snuck his mom ahead to be flown to a burn center, and in a sense saved his town from thirst. He truly survived the terror, shock, and danger of the bomb. The novel goes through a couple of settings such as, Philip's struggle to keep his family alive, and the conflict between the nature of a nuclear bomb against the Los Angeles area. When the bomb hits he is playing around in a playroom shelter with his brother and his girlfriend. They go out to find out what had happened and found burning houses, their house only left with one wall, rubble on the ground, debris all over the place, and people running frantically for shelter. Philip's brother became sick after finding his mother and bringing her back down to the shelter, and found that his mother had been burnt severely and needed immediate medical attention. Philip struggles to keep his brother from getting even more sick than he was and to bring his mother to a hospital. Philip's family weren't the only people affected by the bomb. the entire surrounding area of Los Angeles was pounded by a devastating bomb. Churches, Hospitals, and streets were flooded with sick, dying, and even dead people. Hospitals that were built to only withezd 200 people now have thousands, and hospitals lack food, doctors, and water. Philip's struggle for survival, and the devastating blow against L.A. was only the beginning of the disastrous bomb. The setting is practically the whole plot of the novel showing Philip's struggle to get his mother to a burn center that could save her life, bring his family to safety, and to save his town from thirst. When Philip arrives at the hospital with his mom the government and hospital had already started flying patients to burn centers, but his mom was too sick and burnt so the hospital didn't care for her. She was placed on the bottom of list to be flown away. Philip secretly switches the tag on her mom with one that says and earlier number so that she would be flown out more promptly. He does so and she is flown out early and he most probably saved her life by doing so. Another example was when the bomb had just struck and Philip's family was in the shelter which wasn't very safe and stable. He went up to the surface to check out his neighbor's house which was miraculously intact. Philip found the owner and his wife in good shape and arranged to bring his family over to the neighbor's cool basement for safety and refuge. A third example was when the hospital in his town was almost pout of water and Philip was asked by a nurse to find a worker that works with the town' s plumbing at his house and manage to get water to the hospital. He did so and after a while drained water from a resident's pool and had it flown down to the hospital. These are some examples of how the setting functions in the novel. After the Bomb is an exciting and stimulating novel which shows the leadership of a teenager over

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty Financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty because actions speak louder than words. People Like to See and Have Cash Money Let’s face this very important fact: Most people work for someone else – the owner of a business, and that business owner wants to make as much money as they possibly can off the work of their employees. This means paying them as little as humanly – not humanely – possible to make a profit. This is wrong, of course, but until we figure out, and pursue our dream, we’re pretty much going to work to fulfill someone else’s dream. And that means we have to work for what they will pay us, what the business itself is willing to pinch out of their fat wallets. Naturally, this terrible system is one-sided, a bit unfair, and employees begin to resent their employees for their greediness and lack of compensation. So people move on to other companies that will pay them more for their work and time. People need, want, like to see and have  cash money. So, therefore, financial rewards are the only way to gain employee loyalty. People are Apprehensive about Running out of Money For one, financial rewards and incentives keep employees loyal to a company because people are traditionally apprehensive about money – well, about running out of it. This goes back to the 1920s when it felt like, for some folks, money just poured in like champagne. Then the stock market crash of 1929 changed all that, the Great Depression set in – and money was never the same again. Even today in 2016, a few years after the Great Recession of 2008, people are worried about running out of money, so they work hard to find work at companies that will pay them well. Financial rewards, therefore, assure a person that the company they’re working for understands this apprehension and wants to keep the employee happy and paid well. Financial rewards – such as quarterly performance bonuses, yearly salary promotions and general monetary gifts and gift cards – are the key to keeping an employee’s loyalty, because more money is what people need and want . They’re afraid of not having enough of it, which is understandable. Actions Speak Louder than Words Secondly, financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty, because actions speak louder than words. Any supervisor or boss can promise a promotion, a raise or a much-needed bonus. That may be enough to temporarily quell an employee’s apprehension at not getting paid what they want – but that certainly wears off. But until that check is given or that direct deposit made, when the employer actively demonstrates they want to keep an employee’s loyalty, the employee remains skeptical and increasingly disloyal. Actions speak louder than words. They begin to look for other jobs, better-paying jobs, at companies that do provide sufficient financial rewards and incentives. Companies have the revenue to pay their employees more money, but so many businesses fail to retain their employee’s long-time loyalty because these businesses are cheap and greedy. Employees don’t Need Emotional Support    They Need Money Lastly, a company that gives its hard-working employees well-earned financial rewards and incentives is one that will flourish and retain employees for life. Business owners know this – but they often take the path of the cheap, and exhibit extreme short-sidedness: they would rather hire younger employees who can do the same work for cheaper than pay their existing employees more for doing the work. This is how it is, unfortunately. What an employee needs, in order to retain employees long term and keep their loyalty, is to show an investment in the employee. Employees don’t need emotional support, a nicer office, better working conditions. What they need is money, cold, hard cash. People need cash in this economy. This world is getting more expensive by the second, so people want more money to add financial cushion to their lives, which is more than understandable, and companies must make this effort to retain their best employees. MONEY MAKES THE WORLD GO AROUND In conclusion, we have here, in this argumentative essay, acknowledged the greedy, exploitative nature of capitalism in America. The corporate culture is going in the wrong direction; maybe it’s always been this way. Perhaps that’s why the one-percent keep their fortunes growing. Perhaps greediness and exploitation keep the capitalistic society going – or else we’d all be the same: and that’s Socialism, Communism. That’s not American. What is American, evidently, is not paying employees what they are worth, which results in unhappy people – those who flee to other companies because these other companies pay better and offer enticing financial rewards and incentives.

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty Financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty because actions speak louder than words. People Like to See and Have Cash Money Let’s face this very important fact: Most people work for someone else – the owner of a business, and that business owner wants to make as much money as they possibly can off the work of their employees. This means paying them as little as humanly – not humanely – possible to make a profit. This is wrong, of course, but until we figure out, and pursue our dream, we’re pretty much going to work to fulfill someone else’s dream. And that means we have to work for what they will pay us, what the business itself is willing to pinch out of their fat wallets. Naturally, this terrible system is one-sided, a bit unfair, and employees begin to resent their employees for their greediness and lack of compensation. So people move on to other companies that will pay them more for their work and time. People need, want, like to see and have  cash money. So, therefore, financial rewards are the only way to gain employee loyalty. People are Apprehensive about Running out of Money For one, financial rewards and incentives keep employees loyal to a company because people are traditionally apprehensive about money – well, about running out of it. This goes back to the 1920s when it felt like, for some folks, money just poured in like champagne. Then the stock market crash of 1929 changed all that, the Great Depression set in – and money was never the same again. Even today in 2016, a few years after the Great Recession of 2008, people are worried about running out of money, so they work hard to find work at companies that will pay them well. Financial rewards, therefore, assure a person that the company they’re working for understands this apprehension and wants to keep the employee happy and paid well. Financial rewards – such as quarterly performance bonuses, yearly salary promotions and general monetary gifts and gift cards – are the key to keeping an employee’s loyalty, because more money is what people need and want . They’re afraid of not having enough of it, which is understandable. Actions Speak Louder than Words Secondly, financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty, because actions speak louder than words. Any supervisor or boss can promise a promotion, a raise or a much-needed bonus. That may be enough to temporarily quell an employee’s apprehension at not getting paid what they want – but that certainly wears off. But until that check is given or that direct deposit made, when the employer actively demonstrates they want to keep an employee’s loyalty, the employee remains skeptical and increasingly disloyal. Actions speak louder than words. They begin to look for other jobs, better-paying jobs, at companies that do provide sufficient financial rewards and incentives. Companies have the revenue to pay their employees more money, but so many businesses fail to retain their employee’s long-time loyalty because these businesses are cheap and greedy. Employees don’t Need Emotional Support    They Need Money Lastly, a company that gives its hard-working employees well-earned financial rewards and incentives is one that will flourish and retain employees for life. Business owners know this – but they often take the path of the cheap, and exhibit extreme short-sidedness: they would rather hire younger employees who can do the same work for cheaper than pay their existing employees more for doing the work. This is how it is, unfortunately. What an employee needs, in order to retain employees long term and keep their loyalty, is to show an investment in the employee. Employees don’t need emotional support, a nicer office, better working conditions. What they need is money, cold, hard cash. People need cash in this economy. This world is getting more expensive by the second, so people want more money to add financial cushion to their lives, which is more than understandable, and companies must make this effort to retain their best employees. MONEY MAKES THE WORLD GO AROUND In conclusion, we have here, in this argumentative essay, acknowledged the greedy, exploitative nature of capitalism in America. The corporate culture is going in the wrong direction; maybe it’s always been this way. Perhaps that’s why the one-percent keep their fortunes growing. Perhaps greediness and exploitation keep the capitalistic society going – or else we’d all be the same: and that’s Socialism, Communism. That’s not American. What is American, evidently, is not paying employees what they are worth, which results in unhappy people – those who flee to other companies because these other companies pay better and offer enticing financial rewards and incentives.

Big Event Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Big Event Financial Management - Essay Example With every FIFA football world cup event, host countries are required to have a minimum of eight highly accredited stadiums and two standby stadiums in case something happens to one or any of the eight reserved for the event. In the recently held FIFA world cup in Brazil, the nation was required to construct new additional stadiums to supplement the already existing fields. Similarly, the Olympic Games have become an extremely costly venture to undertake, especially for the host cities because of the infrastructural improvements that have to be done. Some of the improvements that have to be undertaken include the road networks, communication networks and accommodation facilities within the host cities. Because of the amount of work and funds needed to be invested to successfully host the Olympic events, organizers for the event in the past selected developed nations such as England and Italy and the United States. Out of the possible twenty-seven Summer Olympic Games held since its i nception, Mexico and Brazil are the only developing economies to have hosted the event outside Europe, the United States and developed nations of Asia. Cities such as Seoul and Barcelona used the event to overhaul their urban infrastructure completely. Such was the opportunity that organizers for the event in the two cities were looking out for, to create long lasting positive economic effects that would surely pay off the costs of laying out the infrastructure in the long run.

Marketing concept of British Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing concept of British Gas - Essay Example nsive sales team for the company to increase the sales by cover larger areas geographically These philosophies were used extensively in the past but with time the trends of the industry have evolved. The consumers have become conscious of what they buy and are in constant search for the products which cater their needs in the most appropriate manner (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009). Marketing concept is a theory to support the customer oriented philosophy. It aims to cater the customers in the most effective and efficient manner as compared to the competitors. This method of attracting customers and increasing sales aims at increasing the profitability of the customers in the long-run rather than in the short-run (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009; Vargo, & Lusch, 2004). The marketing concept has evolved with the passage of time. The relevance of the concept has increased in the 21st century because of the increasing number of competitors. Entities have to ensure that the products which the y are offering to the customers must deliver more value to them then the value that was delivered when they used a competitor product. The marketers are of the view that maximizing the quality of the product and is increasing the product offering is not sufficient to gain popularity with the customers. The competitors can also somehow manage to offer the same offerings, so in the 21st century the sellers require ensuring that they acquire a competitive edge on the product of the competitor and offer something beyond to exactly cater the requirements of the customers. This practice will attract the customers towards the product (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009; Drucker, 2007). INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH GAS British Gas Group is a global business which deals with diversified tasks related to...Amongst the utility providers British Gas is a lot more diversified. This is because the company adapts to the change in environment. It has distinctive capability to sustain the commercial agility. T he management of the company sticks to the vision that is set by the decision making of the company. The operations of the group are significantly stable because the group has a set direction and it also has the resources which are required for sustaining the company. CONCLUSION Application of the Marketing concept in the 21st century emphasizes on the importance of satisfying the customer needs to ensure that the marketing process is effective. The competition between the competitors is increasing in the industry. This requires for the companies to strive for excellence and acquiring cost advantage that will benefit the company in accomplishing its goals. The traditional concept of marketing comprised of targeting on improving the quality of products which spoke for themselves and improved the productivity of the company. British Gas is a company which operates as a utility provider in more the 20 countries. The group is showing renowned for its excellent services and this is a major contributor to the edge which it has acquired. It is renowned to offer the services precisely tom cater the needs of the customers which shows the application of Marketing concept by the company.

Schedule Work Essay Example for Free

Schedule Work Essay Carter Cleaning Centers does not have a formal wage structure nor does it have rate ranges or use compensable factors. Wage rates are based mostly on those prevailing in the surrounding community and are tampered with an attempt on the part of Jack Carter to maintain some semblance of equity between what workers with different responsibilities in the stores are paid. Needless to say, carter does not make any formal surveys when determining what his company should pay. He peruses the want ads almost every day and conducts informal surveys among his friends in the local chapter of the Laundry and Cleaning Trade association. While Jack has taken a â€Å"seat – of – the pants† approach to paying employees, his salary schedule has been guided by several basic pay policies. While many of his colleagues adhere to a policy of paying absolutely minimum rates, Jack has always followed a policy of paying his employees about 10% above what he feels are the prevailing rates, a policy that he believes reduces turnover while fostering employee loyalty. Of some what more concern to Jennifer is her father’s informal policy of paying men about 20% more than women for same job. Her father’s explanation is, â€Å"They’re Stronger and can work harder for longer hours, and besides they all have families to support.†The New Pay Plan:The New Pay Plan:

fitness america :: essays research papers

there are a lot of people who are in great need of papers, and I was not aware that you had to donate a paper just to use a paperAbdomen (Men only) - Horizontal at the level of the navel Waist (Women only) - Horizontal, at the level of minimal abdominal width Hips (Women only) - Largest horizontal circumference around the hips Neck (Both) - Inferior to the larynx with the tape sloping slightly downward to the front. Height (Both) - without shoes here are the measurements that you need to have in order for you to calculate your body fat percentage * From Hodgdon, J. and Beckett, M. Prediction of percent body fat for U.S. navy men and women from body circumferences and height. Reports No. 84-29 and 84-11. Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 1984 The referring document was: http://www.he.net/~zone/prothd2.html The failed request was: http://www.he.net/~zone/doit.html The requested object does not exist at the specified location. The link you followed is either outdated, inaccurate, or the server has been instructed not to let you have it. File Not Found More than seven years ago ThriveOnline began to bring health and fitness information to the Web. During that time we've built great content, tools, and a loyal community. Now we are moving our content to new locations -- the Health and Fitness, Self Discovery and Parenting and Pregnancy areas of our parent brand, Oxygen.com -- and you are being redirected to those areas now. Ways to connect and stay healthy will still be available to you on our web message boards and our web chat rooms. You will need to register when first participating, but one registration works for all Oxygen.com boards and chats. We hope that you will join us and continue to find great information and inspiration on Oxygen.com. Although the location is changed our commitment to living well and staying healthy remains the same. Thank you for staying with us and supporting our growth. And most of all, we thank you for making ThriveOnline, and now Oxygen.com your personal health resource. Thanks for your support, ThriveOnline

Discuss how motivation techniques promote effective group work Essay

The plan for our project is to host a Pro Evolution Soccer Tournament. The client for this project will be students at John Ruskin College. The aims and objectives for this project are to gain profit and gain customer satisfaction. The venue for the launch of this project will be within the college, which is in room C56. We will need i 5 for prize money, i 10 for a trophy and i 7. 50 for three plain black t-shirts. These will be worn by the three co-ordinators of the tournament. Health and Safety check list Our Health and Safety procedures will be to check that loose wires are placed out of the reach of the clients while the tournament is running. Equipments Time Checked Room 11:00 Television 11:15 Plugs 11:25 Consoles 11:40 Wires 11:55 Contest Table This is a brief example of what the contest table would look like. Rules The competition will be set up as a knockout stage. It will comprise of 32 teams, being either club or international. There are five rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering the other round. The rounds are the Rounds of 32, the Rounds of 16, the Quarter-finals, the Semi-finals and lastly, the Final. Each game will last up to five minutes. A draw will be followed by extra time if both teams fail to find a winner. If is still not yet decided, it will be decided with a penalty shootout to determine who progressed to the next round (at least five penalties each, and more if necessary). Task 2 Donations towards this task will come from the college, who will give us our budget and allocate us a room to stage the tournament. The main advantage of staging this event within a college class room such as C56 will be that competitors would not have to go far and wide to play, as it is in the college. Another advantage is that the venue where the tournament will be staged would be for free to use, as it is college property. There is also a lot of space for the competitors within the room, which will avoid discomfort. The last advantage of using the room is that there are more facilities within the room, which will enable us to operate effectively. The main disadvantage of using this location in the college is that there are a lot of computers in there which can cause a disturbance to our plans. Another disadvantage of using this location is that the room is not air-conditioned, therefore, causing upset amongst clients. Budgets and targets have been confirmed and for the competition to get up and running, a total of i 22. 50 will be needed so that all basic deadlines are met. Our budget includes i 10 for a trophy, i 750 for the T-Shirts and i 5 for the prize money given to the winner. We also have a donation from a source in the form of a friend, who will print the three black t-shirts for free. It will have ‘Pro Evolution Soccer Contest’ printed on the back. We have run and tested all resources needed for the project and have come to noticed that there was no potential difficulties towards prior implementations. Therefore, no extra resources will be needed to run the project, as all seems to be well.

How might a Jacobean audience see certain events in MACBETH differently to a modern one? Essay

Four hundred years ago in the time of the Jacobeans, beliefs then were very different from what they are today and this had impacts on the way Jacobean audiences interpreted certain events in Shakespeare’s plays. This essay sets out how some events might be interpreted differently in Macbeth. Bad things that happened to people were blamed on the supernatural like curses, witches and ghosts e.t.c. First of all was the whole idea of witches. For everything bad that happened to people, witches were blamed for them. Witches were seen as real people who had magical powers and could do almost anything. In Macbeth the witches appear at the very start of the play and accompanying them was thunder and lightning. The Jacobeans see that type of weather to be a bad omen and meant forces of evil or bad things were coming, whereas nice weather meant good things were going on. Today we see bad weather as being caused by scientific reasons; to do with air pressure for example. It has nothing to do with any events happening in the world. In Act 1 scene 2, the witches go on to create a massive thunderstorm. A Jacobean audience would believe this really happened because they thought witches did actually have the power to do that. Nowadays, a modern audience would see that as simply just made up, because we don’t believe in witches anymore. Adverse weather conditions are caused by natural phenomena not by supernatural evil witches. When Macbeth sees the witches for the first time they say â€Å"Hail Macbeth hail to thee Thane of Glamis,† â€Å"Thane of Cawdor† then â€Å"King hereafter†. The witches are saying he definitely will have those titles, not just might be. A Jacobean audience would see this as the witches predicted the future because people back then believed that they could do that. Today we do not believe in witches and again; it would be seen by a modern audience as the witches guessing what would happen. Next is the Thane of Cawdor’s execution. No-one has been executed in Britain for many years; the death penalty has effectively been abolished. But in Jacobean times, it was regarded as the natural thing to do. Therefore a modern audience would see this execution as very serious and would feel he would not deserve that punishment as much as we did 400 years ago. A Jacobean audience would see that he does need to be executed because betraying the king’s (monarch’s) army was considered a very serious crime because it would be a crime against God as well; as the monarchy was considered to be run directly by God. When Lady Macbeth calls on evil spirits to make her powerful and string-minded to carry out the murder of Duncan she says, â€Å"Unsex me here,† and, â€Å"Make thick my blood.† She actually wants to be changed into a man (on the inside) from a woman and be praying out to spirits somewhere she can do this. A Jacobean audience would believe that this is really happening because they believed in sprits; good or bad, and that if you call for them, they can do what you want. A modern audience however would see this as Lady Macbeth thinking that she has lots of power when really she can’t and she’s got too much energy and feels really powerful when really nothing will happen like that. I.e. she has a big lust for power. Today we don’t believe in spirits and that they never exist. We now would think that she’s just feeling lots of power and wants to get it very badly. But just before Macbeth goes to commit the murder of Duncan, he imagines a dagger leading him to Duncan’s room. He says, â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand?† He’s seeing this dagger actually taking him to Duncan’s room meaning the dagger should be used to kill him. Macbeth is really convinced and believes it’s there. Because of that, a Jacobean audience would think the witches have put it there in his head because they told the future earlier on in the play, that Macbeth will become king, and he would have needed to kill Duncan to do it. A modern audience on the other hand would think he’s having a hallucination and he’s just simply imagining it; probably explained by the stress of being about to kill the King. Jacobean’s might not have thought that because they didn’t appreciate people can imagine things deliberately or because of stress or mental illness. They would not understand those things. In addition, Macbeth sees a vision of Banquo’s ghost at a banquet. He says to the other guests, â€Å"Which of you have done this?† Again, like the dagger only he can see it and he believes it really was there. A Jacobean audience would have believed in ghosts and life after death. Macbeth had just unlawfully killed Banquo so a Jacobean audience would see that it would make sense for his ghost to haunt him and only him and appear real. But, a modern audience would see this as Macbeth being so stressed by the murder of Banquo and Duncan that one of his victims comes back to haunt him in his mind. The fact that only Macbeth can see it proves that it’s probably his stress. Jacobean’s believed in the â€Å"Divine right of Kings† meaning that the king’s reign is so because it is what God wanted; it’s God’s will for him/her to be king. Therefore if you kill the monarch (called regicide), it was the worst possible crime anybody could commit at the time. If you did it, you were committing a sin against God and the audience would be so shocked they would be petrified. So when Macbeth murders Duncan, the audience would be petrified with disbelief that that just happened. Today, we believe that kings and queens reign because we allow him/her to reign over us and it’s nothing to do with God. So a modern audience would see the murder of Duncan as just a very serious murder, not a crime against God. This is also because we believe much less in religion now than we did 400 years ago. Plus, the monarch today does not have it much power as it did back then; since the English civil war, laws are passed by parliament, the king or queen virtually has no power and can be abolished by parliament at any time. When Macbeth sees the witches for the final time to show him the apparitions, again in thunder and rain, they cast a spell in rhymes in order to do that. For example one says, â€Å"By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes†. Jacobeans would see this as the witches truly casting a spell but today we this as just a poem. Also, the apparitions that the witches come up with would have been seen to have really done that by a Jacobean audience, because again, they thought witches had unlimited magical powers and could do almost anything, including bringing out naked out of a bubbling pot children or futuristic visions out of their cauldron. A modern audience would see this as Macbeth being drugged by the witches and that potion made him go on to see those apparitions, perhaps in some sort of trans or dream. We don’t believe in witches having the magical power to do that themselves. The final thing whose perception has changed is Lady Macbeth sleepwalking. In Jacobean times, people did not understand that anyone can sleepwalk for whatever reason and thought anyone who did was mad meaning they thought Lady Macbeth was mad and stressed because of what her husband had just been doing. Today however, we think that anyone can sleepwalk and hence Lady Macbeth could have been feeling fine and she was doing a totally random thing. We no longer link sleepwalking with madness. So to conclude, in Jacobean times 400 years ago, people were less knowledgeable about science, weather and how the mind worked. This combined with poor education for most people then, meant that the Jacobeans had to make up phenomenon like witches and ghosts to explain why bad things happen or things go wrong. Nowadays, more people live in urban areas and are well-educated and less religious. Kings and queens have mostly been replaced by fully elected party leaders and the monarch is now just a person and far less important in decision making and politics. Doctors and psychology mean we can understand people’s emotions better and events such as bad weather are now explained by science.

Descriptive Paper About the Eiffel Tower Essay Example

Descriptive Paper About the Eiffel Tower Essay Example Descriptive Paper About the Eiffel Tower Essay Descriptive Paper About the Eiffel Tower Essay I slowly lay back in the grass. The sight in front of me is too much to take in while standing. The wetness of the grass sends a chill running down my spine and along my arms. My sweatshirt cannot warm me from this chill tonight. It is the infamous chill that one receives when something really touches them. When you hear a story and it makes you happy or sad or when someone tells you that they love you. It is a meaningful chill, one you will never forget. All of the lights begin to dim and the people stroll quietly underneath her. She is so beautiful. I had seen pictures and read all about her. I never dreamt I would meet her face to face. I have to admit that I am nervous. What if I do not like her? What if I wish I were somewhere else? These thoughts run in and out of my mind as I lay there. Finally it is our turn to venture up into this great monument. Our decision to take the elevator is a wise one, though I would be taking the stairs when I went down. We pack into the elevator. â€Å"We’re as tight as sardines†, exclaims a really loud lady from the back of the pack. The stench of body odor is almost too overwhelming. The French do not see the need to bath as regularly as us Americans. So once I reach the top, and the doors open, it is a mad dash to the doors. The first one out can breathe all the fresh air. Let’s just say I tied for first. A slight welcoming breeze rustles my hair as my gaze wanders from side to side. Everything looks so small from up here. This huge vastness makes me feel but of a tiny existence. Her beauty brings a bit of rosiness to my cheeks. The moon now smiles down on me when only moments ago it was the sun. How long have I been up here? Is my group looking for me? These questions only visit my mind for a second or so then they are gone like the wind. Perhaps they are carried away by the same wind that so sweetly caresses my skin. I do not mind the occasional bump I receive from a random passerby. This sight is big enough to share with many people. I allow my mind to relax, and the many different languages flow fluently from the mouths of others. Of course I do not understand what they are saying, though it still brings a smile to my face. It almost seems like Dean Martin should be standing beside me, serenading the crowd with his warm Italian words. The shuffling of feet drowns out the voices from the crowd. It is like white noise all around me. I can hear the people but it eventually grows into nothing but a faint whisper. The honking of vehicles and the blaring of sirens seems a million miles away. It is only me, the Eiffel Tower, and the moon standing there. Nothing else matters at that moment. The sight is breathtaking. I drag my hand along the railing. The texture is cold and rough. Many hands have also been drug along this same railing. The feeling of cold metal upon my hand helps to keep me in reality, because at this moment in time it is so easily to just slip off into a dream land. I couldn’t take my eyes off of the sky and the ground. It was almost too much at once. My camera couldn’t take pictures fast enough and I was worried I would drop it too! Which it didn’t matter if I dropped the camera anyways, I could never forget this image. The flashing lights from the cameras should be blinding to me, but they only adds an emphasis to the scene. The flashes appear to be like stars dancing around the moon. The sky is not black tonight, but more like a navy blue. The moon is a deep yellow color. The two colors appear to be made for each other. Almost like one would not be without the other. I tear my eyes away from the view to acknowledge my surroundings for the first time in hours, so it seems. Actually when I look at my phone only ten minutes has passed by. There are several people surrounding me now. Most of them are reacting the same way I did. They are totally perplexed by the Eiffel Tower and her beauty. As I am looking amongst the crowd, one certain couple catches my eye. They are fairly young and I can tell how in love they are. They are definitely in the right place for a romantic night. I can tell from the look on the young man’s face that he seems a little nervous. Of course the young lady doesn’t notice his awkward look because she is too busy looking around. Before I know it the young man gets down on one knee and the girl turns around surprised. A proposal! I have heard of this before but never thought I would get to see someone proposed to on the Eiffel. This clearly was a night to remember. Unfortunately I run into my group leader and he informs me that it is time to leave. My heart drops to my feet. â€Å"But we have only been here twenty minutes,† I told him. He looks at his watch and replies back that we have indeed been there for more than two hours. How quickly the time has flown by! I pucker out my bottom lip and obediently follow my group as we head out. Reluctantly I must leave. This time I do take the stairs. With every step my sadness begins to grow. When will I be back? Will she still be here? These are now the questions that run through my head. The stairs continue to wind downward forever and ever, never seeming to end. Then I see the last stretch of stairway, I walk so slowly. â€Å"We just met,† I proclaim. There was so much I did not get to ask her. I hit the last stair and linger just a minute. Slowly I turn around to gaze at her one last time. With that one last gaze is a promise that I will indeed be back and she will indeed be there when I get back. Only this time I will get to ask her as many questions as I want. â€Å"I will come back,† I promised her.

Memorable Quotes for Labor Day

Memorable Quotes for Labor Day While you plan a fabulous Labor Day weekend, dont forget the workers who have made your life easier because of their efforts. Perhaps the plumber who works in your vicinity needs help to send his children to school. Or perhaps the bus driver who drops your kids to school has never been able to spare the time to take his family on vacation. Can you help them? Can you spare a moment to make Labor Day special for those who work for you? Inspire your friends and relatives to contribute or donate generously to help further the cause of laborers. With these Labor Day quotes, create a stir that awakens the heart  of the nation. Honor Laborers With Quotes Often we turn a blind eye toward laborers and workers who toil to make our lives better. On this  Labor Day, which is always celebrated on the first Monday in September, let us acknowledge and appreciate their effort. Anatole FranceMan is so made that he can only find relaxation from one kind of labor by taking up another. Thomas GeogheganWhen people ask me, Why cant labor organize the way it did in the thirties? the answer is simple: everything we did then is now illegal. Abraham LincolnIf any man tells you he loves America, yet hates labor, he is a liar. If any man tells you he trusts America, yet fears labor, he is a fool. Henry GeorgePoorly paid labor is inefficient labor, the world over. John LockeIt is labour indeed that puts the difference on everything. Joe HillWorkers of the world awaken. Break your chains, demand your rights. All the wealth you make is taken, by exploiting parasites. Shall you kneel in deep submission from your cradle to your grave. Is the height of your ambition to be a good and willing slave? Bill DoddsLabor Day is a glorious holiday because your child will be going back to school the next day. It would have been called Independence Day, but that name was already taken. Marc ChagallWork isnt to make money; you work to justify life. H. L. MenckenThe only liberty an inferior man really cherishes is the liberty to quit work, stretch out in the sun, and scratch himself. Dorothea DixA man usually values that most for which he has labored; he uses that most frugally which he has toiled hour by hour and day by day to acquire. Theodore RooseveltNo man needs sympathy because he has to work, because he has a burden to carry. Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing. Doug LarsonIf all the cars in the United States were placed end to end, it would probably be Labor Day weekend.

Explain the history and evolution of the U.S. Constitution, related Essay

Explain the history and evolution of the U.S. Constitution, related historical documents, and the U.S. Supreme Court - Essay Example The judges of the federal courts are structurally envisaged to remain independent through a constitutionally designated separation of powers. Article III involves dealing with two basic features of the United States Constitution, namely federalism and separation of powers which makes it eternally relevant and contestable. Here, the constitution invests central powers with the United States Supreme Court as the only institution in which the highest judicial powers of the land is concentrated. According to Amar, â€Å"the Constitution clearly does limit in important ways congressional power to shift ultimate judicial power from federal to state courts† (1985, 271). Importantly, the federal judges and the lower court judges are not equal as the latter is constitutionally created as supreme and independent. III) The Case or Controversy Requirement The case or controversy requirement of Article III is meant for safeguarding the timely power allocation among the courts in an easy ma nner, the rightful representation of a party who is ate the receiving end of the judgment and protecting the matter of self-determinism.

Land Law Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Land Law - Outline Example In Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold, Fox LJ’s judgment confirms that based on principle, licences do not indicate â€Å"tenancy interest or interest in the land† on the part of the licencee; therefore, they cannot bind third parties as a result of this. On the other hand, when a piece of land is given out as a lease, the landlord does not have the power to terminate the occupancy of the land on short notice (Netlawman, 2011). This means that tenant has the right of occupancy until the period of lease elapses. However, in Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold, it is clear that when a tenant is expected not to pay a rent, there is not legal relationship between him/her and the landlord. The landlord holds the licence, which he or she can revoke at anytime. And when this happens, the tenant has no power to challenge this decision in court because there has been no legal agreement between the landlord and him/her. Invariably, the tenant has not expressed interest in the occupancy of the accommo dation and hence could not claim any damages due to the revocation of the licence by the landlord. On the other hand, a tenant would show his or her interest in an accommodation by entering into a legal agreement. For the flat Andrew rent out to Beth, Catherine and Daniel, he created an interest of collective leasees in them, meaning that if he decides to sell his freehold to the flats, Beth, Catherine and Daniel have to buy the flats and become collective landlords. Even though it was just an oral agreement, they have the right to stay in the accommodation for the length of time agreed upon in the terms of tenancy which, in this case, is two years. Oral agreements are as binding as the written ones; but since court require believable pieces of evidence, it may be difficult to prove in court that an agreement has truly been entered into between the landlord and the tenant (Williston and Lord, 1999). In other words, it will be impossible for Andrew to terminate th

EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EXAM - Assignment Example The impacts of the United States Tax Code on the amount of capital held by the insurers The United States code has reformed in such a way that the individuals who are eligible for paying the insurance fee receive much of the benefits from the insurance companies. The tax codes instituted by the United States have increased the number of people covered in the insurance plans. This enhances a lot of capital tied up in the insurance issues. This increases the amount of capital held by the insurers. Reason why workers are willing to accept the pay as you earn plan instead of the private pension plan One of the fundamental reasons why workers would prefer the pay as you go unfunded pension plans to the private pension plans is due to the cost burden associate with the private pension plan The Pay as you go pension plan offers provisions that allow a regular deduction of a specified amount from the worker’s salary. This would enhance a long run cost benefit to the workers. Private p ension plans also do not have any subsidy and; therefore, the workers may not prefer it. Benefits planners and statutory laws The benefit planners ought to understand the statutory laws provided in the carious sources in order to facilitate an effective plan design and management within the various sectors. Statutory laws are essential to the benefit planners since they are the basis of all other rules, court cases, and regulations affecting the planners. Sources of statutory law in the benefit area The internal revenue code is one of the sources of statutory laws in the benefit area. This involves the taxation that pertains to the amount of deductibles and taxation pensions to the employee benefit programs. This is essential in the determination of the amount of funds deductible from the different employees. It contributes the pay as you go pension plans. Security laws are another statutory law in the benefit area. It involves the protection of the investors. This benefit plan is e ssential in the protection of the amount of money that the employees have. It is, therefore, essential in ensuring the protection of the employee’s excess funds placed forwards as investments. Civil rights laws are also a given law designed for the statutory sectors. This part of the employee compensation policies prohibits different discriminatory elements in employment. This is essential in enhancing fair employee practices during operations. Employee Retirements Income Security Act also affects the benefit planners. This involves the provisions set aside to safeguard the employees’ funds set aside for future benefits. This act ensures protection against fraudulent actions on employee benefit funds. Realized rate of return John’s salary= $20,000 Contribution= 3% Pre-tax return= 15% Tax bracket= 28% John contribution = Yield/dividend after 1year= Final yield= $600+$90= $690 After tax rate of return = Tax deducted = Final amount = $690-$74.52= $615.48 Realized r ate of return = Realized rate of return= 2.58% Mr. Miller’s Illness Mr. Miller’s illness falls under critical illness. By medical diagnosis, to the extent that Mr. Miller have been bedridden for the last three months and does not take solid food, he must be have been diagnosed with histological conformation shown by rapid growth of malignant cells and invasion of tissues of the digestive system. Insurance policies treat these conditions as critical illness. Part A question 1 The liability in this case may be

Reflection on Leadership Skills for the Forces

Reflection on Leadership Skills for the Forces Task 1: From LC â€Å"Context† lessons 6-9, describe ONE significant insight that you have gained and explain why. The concept of â€Å"Organisational Culture† taught in Lesson 7 left the deepest impression on me, as I sought to ponder and apply this concept in the context of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), specifically the Army. The key question that arose was whether there is a uniform culture in the Army. If so, what is important about the presence of such a culture? As I sought to clarify these questions, a related concept of leadership came into mind. Undeniably, the leadership of an organisation would form and develop, or even change the foundation of its values and cultural norms. These values, assumptions and norms can then shape an organisation’s culture. According to Colins and Porras, leaders need to adopt a firm belief that some things should never change (Collins Porras, 2011). Some things such as the SAF core values and beliefs ought to remain unchanged as alterations could potentially lead to destabilisation. Using my experience while serving as an Officer in Command (OC) and the observations of my Divisional Commander, BG Lam Shui Tong; I would explain how leadership is able to shape the organisation’s value systems, and in the process align the followers to its mission statement, purpose and values. As an OC, I was in charge of a ‘support’ company of 150 men from different walks of lives, and my duty was to train them to become operationally ready soldiers. To align everyone with SAF’s mission statement, I consciously inculcated the message of ‘Always (being) Ready and Expect the Unexpected’ into my men. I also made it a point to ensure that I am a positive role model who ‘walks the talk’ and to facilitate their internalising of this core value. Over time, it was observed that my men were more self-motivated and strived to become more competent. At the higher level, I observed the same dynamics at work. My Divisional Commander, BG Lam, believed strongly in a culture of fitness. He held the belief that physical fitness activities can bond people and build their character. To instil this culture of fitness within the organisation, events such as â€Å"Olympics Challenge†, Friendship runs, Frisbee and cycling were organised. As a leader who ‘walks the talk’, he would personally conduct physical training for the division on Mondays and for all NS units during their In Camp Training. On Wednesdays and Fridays, he would play Frisbee and cycle with his men. Over time, everyone began to appreciate the greater sense of camaraderie, as well as improved fitness levels. These two examples demonstrated that a leader’s actions can influence and impact organisational culture. When the individuals within the organisation are influenced with the organisation’s culture, they become more committed and aligned with the organisation’s shared values and vision. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after CSC. Analyse and describe key aspects of the leadership context of the appointment that you will face, using the circle from SAF Leadership Framework and concepts you learnt from lesson 6-9. After CSC, I will have the opportunity to command a NS Infantry Battalion (IB). As a NS CO, I am responsible for NSmen who will come under my charge. These NSmen are soldiers who have completed the 2 years of national service and my core responsibility is to ensure that they continue to be competent, and are operationally ready. The foundation and strength of our Army lies in our people, thus my first emphasis would be to understand the composition, values and history of the unit. During the NSmen’s active days, the CO would have made a positive impact to the soldiers and some form of organisational culture would have been formed. As their NS CO, there is a need for me to sincerely understand and analyse the unit’s culture before proposing any change. Even in the implementation of new rules or norms, the process has to be gradual to allow for ease of adjustment. In addition, the SAF 24/7 Leadership Framework will serve as a reference point for me to influence my soldiers towards achieving the unit’s mission and purpose, the desired outcomes and new operating environment (Yin, 2011). Fundamentally, it must be understood the motivation of NSmen will be different from their active days (Chee, 2012). However, I believe our core SAF values will be the binding factor in a unit of diverse personalities. In managing such diversity, I foresee having to apply direct leadership. Specifically, during their ICT, the adoption of direct leadership methodology such as â€Å"Meet The People† sessions is important in providing an open communication channel, which will allow the NSmen to raise their concerns and for me to respond appropriately. In order to facilitate such communication effectively, it is paramount to bring on board my key appointment holders such as the Principal Staff Officers and OCs. In situations, such as mobilisation exercises, there will be a need to exercise organisational level leadership. Besides having to empower my commanders, there has to be a focus on addressing complex policies such as NS training requirements. Through the application of different leadership levels, and communicating the unit’s mission, purpose and values to every stakeholder, it will provide the platform to achieving SAF’s mission. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for this appointment. First, with the SAF 24/7 Leadership Framework (Figure 1), I understood the theoretical basis of having to possess the ‘right’ values, so as to guide my actions. My values should, and need to be aligned with the organisation’s values; in order for me to convey SAF’s vision effectively through my speech and actions. With this self-awareness, I understand that my actions can either positively or negatively influence my followers’ behaviours. Second, I have learnt from LLC lecture 5 that appropriate leadership style is dependent on situations. This is because the adoption of different leadership styles will allow for more effective addressing of the issues faced by my subordinates. As a Battalion Commander, I need to change my leadership styles according to the competency, motivational and commitment levels of the staff under my charge. A/P Chan also highlighted that a leader should possess a â€Å"full repertoire of styles 6† to suit different situations. As I build upon this new understanding of a spectrum of leadership styles, it is essential for me to exercise flexibility and adjust my leadership style accordingly. Third, prior to attending CSC, I was introduced to the Leadership, Management and Command Model (LMC) when I read the SAF Pointer Monograph â€Å"Called to Lead†. Then, I saw LMC as three separate skill sets that a leader ought to possess, and that a leader cannot be effective in all 3 domains. After attending the LLC lectures (1 to 5), I gained a more thorough understanding of the 3 domains that are intertwined. I gained the insight that I cannot afford to exercise my role as Leader, Manager, and Commander (in the position of a Battalion Commander) independently of each other. Instead, I have to work on exercising all three domains simultaneously. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 2. The LMC model provides a clear conceptual tool to analyse and formulate my command and leadership strategy accordingly. In the scenario where my subordinates are already doing a good job in administration and resource management, I can then devote more time and effort in motivating and inspiring my team. Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses. How do I intend to deal with my weakness. As an SAF personnel who has been deployed into various appointments and also through the feedback channels available in this course, I understand that my strengths lie in the ability to employ values-based leadership, and interpersonal effectiveness. In leading my staff, I consciously endeavour to treat every man fairly and respectfully. Also, I ensure that my actions are guided by sound moral principles, and be willing to take responsibility for my actions. For my commitment to employ values-based leadership, I am well-regarded by my superiors and subordinates Possessing interpersonal effectiveness is another strength of mine that would help to establish and maintain good relationships in the workplace. In order for the SAF to excel in its mission of national defence effectively, it is essential that a strong rapport is established between colleagues with different job functionalities. The strong bonds and cordial relations would help the big SAF family to support to one another through challenging times. To enhance my effectiveness as a leader, it would be beneficial that I strengthen my skills in the area of communicating to influence, and in exercising style flexibility. When there is a need to share my ideas, the natural instinct would be to convey my thoughts in a direct manner, and assume that they will be accepted wholly by others because my ideas are anchored on logical thinking and research. When this does not happen, I would presume that others are less informed than I am. Upon deeper reflection, I internalised the learning point that it is necessary for me to explain the rationale of my ideas, so as to encourage acceptance by others. Essentially, part of effective leadership is â€Å"†¦ the process of influencing others to achieve a common outcome†[1]. Through the opportunities provided in this course, I would make a conscious attempt to explain the rationale of my ideas to my course-mates. The other area that I could work on is to exercise style flexibility, according to the situation and circumstances. When there is a need to tackle problems, I have the tendency to approach the issue in a rigid manner. As a result, I appear to be stubborn or foolhardy. The lesson on FRLM increased my knowledge of the different leadership styles that a leader could undertake. I would consciously explore utilising transformational leadership instead of relying heavily on transactional leadership. I have requested for my CSC buddy and my course-mates to provide feedback on my progress. REFERENCES SAF Leadership Development Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAF Leadership Framework dated 26 Jul 2004 SAF Leadership Development Doctrine Directive 3/2004, SAF Leadership Competency Model dated 26 Jul 2004 Chan, K.Y.; Soh, S. Ramaya, R. (2011). Military Leadership in the 21st Century: Science and Practice. 1 [1] Chan Kim-Yin, Star Soh, Regena Ramaya (2011), Military Leadership in the 21st Century: Science and Practice. Cenage Learning, p4.